Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad (1912-1916)
Democrats want to get in office:(Hill)
Woodrow Wilson (Brittan)
- Was once a mild conservative but now a lilitant progressive.
- President of Princeton University in 1902
- Entered politices in 1910 when New Jersey needed a canidate for the governorship
- Once a governor, Wilson drover through the legislature a forward-looking measure that made New Jersey more liberal.
- Wilson revealed irresistible reforming zeal, burning eloquence, suberb powers of leadership, and a refreshing habit of appealing over the heads of the scheming bosses to the sovereign people.
"Bull Moose" Campaign of 1912 (Jordan)
- William Jennings Bryan's aided Wilson in the election. He was given a strong Progressive platform to run on dubbed "New Freedom" program.
- Roosevelt lost the republican nomination against Taft and ran as a third party candidate called the Progressive-Republican.
- Roosevelt said that he felt as strong as a Bull Moose and the Bull Moose became part of the political zoo.
- Taft and Roosevelt split the republican vote giving Wilson the victory.
- Was a rare election because instead of just voting for policies, but philosophies as well.
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New Nationalism vs. New Freedom(Bryce)
-Wilson was a progressive, but a New Freedom Progessive
antitrust legislation, banking reform, and tariff reductions
-small ent., entrepreneurship, and free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets
-Roosevelt was a progressive, but a New Nationalism Progressive
-woman suffrage, social welfare, min. wage, social justice
Woodrow Wilson: Minority President (Jordan)
- Won with 435 electoral votes and 6,296,547 popular votes. 41% of the popular vote went to wilson.
- Roosevelt recieved 88 electoral votes and 4,118,571 popular votes.
- Socialist canidate Eugene V. Debs only recieved 900,672 votes.
- With the split in the republican party Wilson was able to win.
Wilson: The Idealist in Politics
- idealist academic who lacked TR's pragmatic "people's touch"
- believed that the chief executive should play a dynamic role, that congress could not fucntion if the president didn't guide them.
- His sense of moral righteousness was that he found compromise difficult, and would break before bend unlike his predeccessor Roosevelt.
Triple Wall of Privilage
Wilson Tackles the Tariff (Carlson)
Underwood Tariff Bill (1913)
- Reduced tariffs
- Created Income Tax
- President presented this idea to congress himself
Wilson Battles the Bankers (Carlson)
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Wilson Tames the Trusts (Carlson)
Federal Trade Commision (1914)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)]
Wilsonian Progressivism at High Tide ( merri)
- Wilson pushed many reform deeds through during his first eighteen months as president.
- Federal Farm Laon Act of 1916 - made credit available to farmers at low interest rates.
- Warehouse Act of 1916 - authorized loans on the security of staple crops.
New Directions in Foreign Policy (Laura)
- Wilson hates imperialsm and dollar diplomacy
- persuades Congress to repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912
- Jones Act - promises Philipeans independence when they establish a "stable government"
- Wilson sends Bryan to CA to soften tensions between Japanese and CA legislature
- Wilson dispatches marines to help Haiti and they remain there for 19 years
- in 1917 Wilson purchased Virgin Islands from Denmark
Thunder Across the Sea (Brittan)
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Viena government got mad, was backed Germany, but forth a stern ultimatum to neighboring Serbia.
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Serbia backed by Russia, refused to give in.
Russian tsar began to mobilize his war machine, bothering Germany on the east, France confronted Germany on the west.
A Precarious Neutrality(Bryce)
-America wanted to stay neutral and stay out of foreign affairs
-Most Americans were anti-German to begin with
-Germans and the Austro Hungarians relied on us to stay neutal
-Americans dislike for Germany increased when they found plans for industrial sabottage from a German operative, but still hoped to stay out of the "horrible war"
America Earns Blood Money (Dan)
- Germany had been trading freely with the U.S. but the British controlled the sea and forced the American ships into their ports.
- This proved highly effective as trades between Germany and the U.S. became almost nonexistant.
- To retaliate against a British blockade, Berlin announced a submarine war area around British Isles. The German submarines are more commonly known as U-boats.
- German U-boat sunk a British ship, Lusitania, on May 7, 1915 which killed around 1,200 people including 128 Americans.
- In March of 1916, German U-boats agaisnt sunk a French steamer, Sussex, which made Wilson angry.\
- Wilson got Germany to agree to not sink passenger ships and merchant ships without warning.
- The sinking of the Lusitania and Sussex can be thought of as a prelude to World War One.
Wilson Wins Reelection of 1916 Chad
- bull moose Progresives re nominated Theodore Roosevelt, but when he refused to run, the Progressive party died.
- some Republicans still wanted Roosevelt, but the Old Guard detested him for rupturing the Repubican party in 1912 so they nominated Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes.
- Republican Platform condemned the Democratic tariff, asaults on the trusts, and Wilson's poor handling of German and Mexican affairs.
- Democrats renominated Wilson
- On election day, Hughes swept the East, looking like the surefire winner, but the West and Mid-west, liking Wilsons progressive views flocked to the polls for him. he won the popular election by 3,800 votes and the electoral college by a mere 277 to 254.
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TIMELINE (Hill)
1912- Wilson wins election
1913- Underwood Tariff Act
16th amendment
Federal Reserve Act
Huerta takes power in Mexico
17th amendment
1914- Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Federal Trade Commission established
U.S. occupation of Vera Cruz, Mexico
WWI begins in Europe
1915- La Follette Seamen's Act
Lusitania torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat
U.S. Marines sent to Haiti
1916- Sussex ultimtum and pledge
Workingmen's Comp Act
Fed Farm Loan Act
Warehouse Act
Adamson Act
Pancho Villa raids N.M.
Brandeis appointed to Supreme Court (Wisconsin Idea)
Jones Act
U.S. Marines sent to Dom. Republic
Wilson reelected
1917- U.S. buys Virgin Islands from Denmark
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