| 
  • If you are citizen of an European Union member nation, you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old.

  • You already know Dokkio is an AI-powered assistant to organize & manage your digital files & messages. Very soon, Dokkio will support Outlook as well as One Drive. Check it out today!

View
 

Chapter 35: America in World War II (1941-1945)

Page history last edited by PBworks 15 years, 11 months ago

Chapter 35: America in World War II (1941-45)

 

The Allies Trade Time For Space(Hill)

Allies have most military power and most people

We have a big task (far larger than WWI)

soilders are all over, have to provide supplies for them

German scientists are coming out with rocket bombs and maybe atomic arms!

 

The Shock of War (Carlson)

- We became nationally united

- Speeded assimilation of ethnic groups

- Upheld Japanese internment camp through Supreme Court case

 

Building the War Machine(Carlson)

- War Production Board halted the making of non-essential items

- Government set restrictions on things such as speed limit (rubber) to reduce usage of natural resources

- Labor unions rose in numbers

- Smith Connelley Anti-Trust Act (1943)

      - made strikes against gov't industry illegal

      - gov't could seize any industry they thought was unstable

 

Manpower and Womanpower (Hill)

Women get opportunities!!! Yay!

---men and women employed for noncombat duties in WWII

Draft left the nation's farms and factories short of workers

  • braceros were brought in the country (Mexican workers)
  • more than 6 million women took jobs out of the home (many were mothers)
  • At the end of the war 2/3 women left the labor force
  •  

Wartime Migrations (Dan)

  • The American population boomed during this time. Cites like Los Angelos, Detroit, Seattle and Baton Rouge prospered. California's population grew by 2 million.
  • The South was suffering during this time and 1.6 million southern blacks left to seek jobs in the war plants in the North and West.
  • Black leader A. Phillip Randolph threatened a massive march on Washington in 1941 to demand equal opportunites for blacks in war jobs and the armed forces.
  • As a result of this, Roosevelt issued an order forbidding any discrimination in defense industries.
  • The number of members in the NAACP went to almost 500,000.
  •  Many Indian men and women found jobs in the major cities and around 25,000 Native Americans served in the armed forces.

 

Holding the Homefront

 

The Rising Sun in the Pacific

 

Japan's High Tide at Midway(Brittany)

  • The aggressive warriors from Japan pushed relentlessly southward
  • They invaded the island of New Guinea, and landed on the Solomon Islands
  • Their onrush was finally checked by a crucial naval battle fought in the Coral Sea, in May 1942
  • American carrier tas force, with Australian support, inflicted heavy losses on the victory-flushed Japanese
  • Japan next wanted to seize Midway Island, more than a thousand miles northwest of Honolulu
  • A naval battle was fought near Midway on June 3-6,1942
  • Fighting was all done by aircraft and the Japanese broke off action after losing four vitally important carriers

 

American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo (Mr. Grant)

 

-US caused 1:10 death ratio to Japan as it regained Guadalcanal Island in Solomons

-MacArthur protected Australia from New Guinea base

-US now leapfrogging Japanese-held Islands in the Pacific

-US strategy, instead of taking outposts on flank as marched to Tokyo, island hopped and setup airfields and neutralized nearby enemy bases with heavy bombing.

-Nimitz engineered successes that retook Attu and Kiska in Aleutians, Gilbert Islands, and in Feb 44 Marshall Islands

-technology like B-29 super-bombers & American “hellcat” fighter planes gave important victories in Marianas & Battle of the Philippine Sea, sinking several Japanese carriers

-after “suicide Cliff” on Saipan and Marianas victories, US began round-clock bombing of Japan in Nov 44

 

The Allied Halting of Hitler(Brittan)

  • old techniques such as escorting convoys or merchant vessels and dropping depth bombs from destroyers were strengthened by air patrol and the new invention of radar and the bombing of submarine bases
  • british code-breakers cracked the Germans' "Enigma" codes and could pinpoint U-boats in the North Atlantic
  • not until 1943 did the Allies have the upper hand
  • British had lanuched a thousand-plane raid on Cologne in May
  • August 1942 they were joined by American air force and bombed German cities
  • Attack at El Alamein

 

A Second Front from North Africa to Rome(Jordan)

  •  

D-Day: June 6, 1944 (Laura)

 

  • FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Teheran Nov. 1943 to plan "Operation Overlord"
  • Eisenhower in charge of D-Day Operations
  • French Normandy was the invasion point - 4,600 vessels
  • General Patton commanded attacks across France & Paris was freed on Aug. 1944
  • First important German city fell in Oct. 1944

 

 

FDR: The Fourth-Termimite of 1944(Brittan)

  • Republicans nomintated Thomas E. Dewey
  • FDR was the "indispensable man" of Democrats
  • Vice President nomination for Drmocrats went to Harry S Truman

 

Roosevelt Defeats Dewey (Bryce)

- People were getting worried about re-electing FDR for his fourth term over health issues even though he said non existed.

-He was blamed for sending a U.S. Navy destroyer to retrieve his pet dog.

-Dewey pronounced that it was time for a change

-Roosevelt still had a sweeping victory- 432 to 99 electoral votes

-FDR won primarily because the war was still going on and U.S. needed someone with experience

-Rep. Party still feeling affects of the isolationism of Hardingites.

 

The Last Days of Hitler(Jordan)

  • In 1944 Hitler was lossing the war and had one last battle with the allies using his reserves.  On December 16, 1944 he sent his forces to attack the allies and recover the port of Antwerp in Belgium.
  • Being caught off guard they were driven back creating a bulge that cut off the allied forces from each other.  Without the allies surrendering the final Hitlerian battle was fought in the Battle of the Bulge.
  •  

 

Japan Dies Hard(brittan)

  • American submarines destroyed about 50% of Japans merchant fleet
  • Bomber attacks were launched from Saipan and Mariana
  • fire-bomb raid on Tokyo March 9-10 1945 destroyed over 250,000 buildings killing about 83,000 people

 

  •  Japan's navy made one last effot by wiping out MacArthuss supplys and transports
  • America was all 3 battles of Leyte Gulf
  • Manila fell in March
  • Okinawa was next.  Fighting lasted form april to June of 1945
  • all told over thristy ships sank and more were damaged
  •  
  •  

The Atomic Bombs (Bryce)

 -U.S. demanded Japan to issue a unconditional surrendor, but Japan didn't cease.

-Postdam conference held near Berlin between Truman and Stalin (and other British officials)

-said Japan either either surrender or be destroyed.

-U.S. lent nearly $2 billion to atomic development (by scientists like Albert Einstein and other scientist that got away from countries fighting in war and under dictatorship)

-called Manhattan Project

-Dropped first atomic bomb over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 which had extreme casualties estimated to be about 180,000.

-Dropped second bomb over Nagasaki on August 8, 1945 which resulted in about 80,000 casualties.

-Japan could handle no more-said they would wanted peace as long as Hirohito remained on the throne as emperor

-Formal surrender came on September 2, 1945, conducted by Gen. MacArthur on battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. (Victory in Japan Day)

-Atomic bombs ended the horrific war.

The Allies Triumphant

 

 

 

 

 

Comments (0)

You don't have permission to comment on this page.