Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies

 

 

The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism

 

1.  German friar Martin Luther ignited a religious reform called the "Protestant Reformation"

 

2. The idea of predestination was spread throughout Europe

 

 

 

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth

 

1. The Mayflower filled with separatists headed to the new world. They became lost at sea in 1620.

 

2. The first Thanksgiving Day

 

3.The Massachusetts Bay- "Religious experiment" It soon became the most important of New England's outposts.

 

 

 

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth

 

1. The Separatist Pilgrims were dedicated extremists- The purest Puritans.

 

2. In 1629 an energetic group of non-Separatist Puritans, fearing for their faith and England's future, secured a royal charter to from the Massachusetts Bay Company.

 

3. During the "Great Migration" of the 1620s about seventy thousand refugees left England. Not all of them were Puritans.

 

4. John Winthrop, a well-to-do pillar of English society, was Massachusetts Bay's first Governor

 

5. The Puritan Bay Colonists believed that they had a covenant with God, an agreement to build a holy society that would be model for humankind.

 

 

 

Building the Bay Colony

 

1. Soon after the Colonists' arrival, the franchise was extended to all "freemen" adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations, which in time came to be called collectively the Congregational Church.

 

2. The Puritans in a way endorsed the idea of separation of church and state

 

3. Only Puritans---the "visible saints" were along eligible for church membership.

 

4. Religious leaders thus wielded enormous influence in the Massachusetts "Bible Commonwealth"

 

 

 

Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth

 

1. The Bay Colony enjoyed a high degree of social harmony, in the early years. But even in this close community, dissension soon appeared. Quakers who flouted the authority of Puritan clergy, were persecuted with fines, floggings, and banishment.

 

2. A sharp challenge to Puritan Orthodoxy came from Anne Hutchinson. An intelligent, strong-willed, and talkative women. She carried to logical extremes the Puritan doctrine of predestination.

 

3. Roger Williams was a young man with radical ideas and an unrestrained tongue that was even more threatening to the Puritan leaders.

 

 

 

Rhode Island "Sewer"

 

1. Roger Williams fled to Rhode Island area in 1636. He built he 1st Baptist Church.

 

2. Rhode Island became known as an independent and stubborn state.

 

 

 

New England Spreads Out

 

1. Settlers of Connecticut created a document known as the Fundamental Orders. Essential features of the Fundamental Orders were later borrowed by Connecticut for its colonial charter and ultimately for its state constitution.

 

2. New Haven became a flourished settlement in 1638. It was a prosperous community, founded by Puritans who contrived to set up an even closer church-government alliance than in Massachusetts.

 

 

 

Purtians VS. Indians

 

1. War exploded in 1637 between English Settlers and Pequot Tribe. Known as the Pequot War.

 

 

 

 Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence

 

1. In 1964, four colonies bonded together and formed the New England Confederation.

 

     A. Consisted of Massachusetts two colonies: The Bay Colony and Plymouth

 

     B. Consisted of Connecticut’s two colonies: New Haven and Scattered Valley Settlements.

 

2. When Charles II gets royalty- he gave the Rival Connecticut a charter grant, and then revoked Bay Colony's in 1684.

 

 

 

Promotes First American Revolution

 

1. Head of Domain was Sir Edmund Andros

 

2. From 1688-1689 Glouris Revolution

 

 

Old Netherlands At New Netherlands

 

1. Dutch gained LOTS of power. The Dutch East India Company

 

 

Penn's Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania

 

1. Formally launched colony in 1681

 

2. Was a state that was "Modern" for unmodern ways. Didn't support black slavery.

 

3. Founder was William Penn

 

4. This is where the Quakers resided

 

 

Middle Way in Middle Colonies

 

1. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania